Gross volumes frequently must be adjusted by quantitative
measurements such as water content, temperature, pressure, and density before
net volumes at standard conditions can be determined. Technical Data used in
the field explained in diploma in petroleum technology. Several of
these quantitative ammeters are necessary for automation of lease operations.
There are three types of quantitative (volume) devices
commonly used for automatic liquid measurement on the lease: positive-volume
meters, positive-displacement meters, and inferential meters. Positive-volume
meters are essentially extensions of tank measurement with automatic “filling”
and “running” functions. Positive displacement meters “trap” a fixed volume of
liquid within moving elements of the meter. Inferential meters measure liquid
by detecting some property of the moving stream that is a basis for determining
volume indirectly. Some more details of diploma in petroleum
technology are as under.
Positive-Volume Meters. Positive-volume meters operate on a
“fill” and “dump” cycle rather than being a continuous operation. This type
meter is essentially the automatic gauging of a tank by using level controls to
move a fixed volume through the tank on each complete cycle. The volume that is
“dumped” or measured is related to the displacement volume in
the meter between the high “fill” point and the low “dump” point in the meter.
Various types of level controls are used to control the fluid levels in the
meter. Each complete “fill” and “dump” cycle is registered on a counter as a
basis for total volume determination. Since the positive-volume meter is cyclic
with a separate “fill” and “dump” period, allowance for handling produced
volumes while the meter is in the “dump” cycle must be made. Continuous
operation is possible by having a pair of meters that are sequenced to have
alternating cycles. This essentially requires duplication of facilities and
some increased complexity in the controls. A more common arrangement is to
provide surge volume capacity upstream of a single meter.
Volume-type dump tanks or meters have been built in a
variety of shapes and volumes. Capacities per dump have ranged from less than V
bbl to several hundred barrels.
The metering chamber may be in a stand-alone vessel or it
may be an integral portion of a vessel such as a separator or heater treater.
The positive-volume meter is not as compatible with qualitative measurement as
the positive-displacement and inferential meters since the volume measurement
cannot be separated easily into smaller increments to drive sampling and other
qualitative measurement devices. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the
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